Herds of cows grazing in rural Kerala move through lush green landscapes of paddy fields, wetlands, and coconut groves, reflecting a close relationship between agriculture, livestock, and ecology. Cattle support small farmers through milk, manure, and draught power, contributing to sustainable farming cycles. These pastoral scenes embody rural livelihoods, traditional practices, and food security. The greenery, nourished by monsoon rains, provides rich fodder and natural grazing. However, shrinking commons and changing land use threaten this balance. Preserving such agro-pastoral systems is vital for ecological sustainability, cultural continuity, and resilient rural economies in Kerala.
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